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Experimental monitoring of the strengthening construction of a segmental box girder bridge and field

Ali Fadhil NASER, Zonglin WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 308-320 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0140-3

摘要： Prestressed concrete segmental box girder bridges are composed of short concrete segments that are either precast or cast in situ and then joined together by longitudinally post-tensioning internal, external, or mixed tendons. The objectives of this study are to monitor the construction process of the external prestressing tendons to strengthen the bridge structure and perform a field load test to measure the strain and the deflection of the anchorage devices of the external prestressing tendons to determine the state of these devices after tension forces are applied. The monitoring process of the external prestressing tendons construction includes inspecting the cracks in the diaphragm anchorage and the deviation block devices before the tension forces are applied to the external tendons; measuring the deformation of the steel deviation cross beam during the tension process; measuring the deformation of the box girder after different levels of tension forces are applied; measuring the elongation of the external tendons in each level of the tension; and measuring the natural frequency of the external tendons after the tension process is complete. The results of the monitoring process show that the measured values of the deformation, the elongation, and the natural frequency meet the requirements. Therefore, there is no damage during the construction and the tensioning of the external prestressing tendons. A field load test is performed to the anchorage beam, the steel deviation block devices, and the steel deviation cross beam. The field load test results of the anchorage devices show that the values of the strains, the stresses, and the deflection are less than the respective allowable limit values in the requirements. Therefore, the anchorage devices have sufficient strength, and the working state is good after the tension forces are applied to the external prestressing tendons.

关键词： prestressed concrete box girder monitoring external tendons strain deflection

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Distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for hydraulic system of construction machinery

Xiaohu CHEN, Wenfeng WU, Hangong WANG, Yongtao ZHOU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0089-7

摘要： This paper mainly presents a distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for the hydraulic system of construction machinery based on the controller area net (CAN) field bus. The hardware of the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system is designed. Its structure including the sensors, distributed data acquisition units, central signal processing unit, and CAN field bus is introduced. The software is also programmed. The general software design and its realization are studied in detail. The experiments and applications indicate that the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system can effectively realize its function of real-time online condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for the hydraulic system of construction machinery.

关键词： construction machinery hydraulic system distributed condition monitoring controller area net (CAN) field bus fault diagnosis

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普光气田地面集输系统的内腐蚀控制与监测

欧莉,李时杰,苏国丰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 70-75

摘要：

分析了高含H₂S / CO₂气田的腐蚀特征，探讨了在普光气田开发建设同期模拟普光集输工况开展的腐蚀性研究与成果；针对普光高含硫、复杂地形、人口密集、全湿气输送的地面集输系统，重点介绍了“抗硫碳钢＋缓蚀剂+清管+腐蚀监测”的综合腐蚀控制与监测设计方案，初步地总结和评价了投产运行后腐蚀控制与监测的实际实施效果，对存在的问题给出了建议。

关键词：普光酸性气田 H2S CO2 湿气输送缓蚀剂腐蚀监测

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空间技术在灾害与环境中的应用

李京,蒋卫国,王圆圆,常燕

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第6期页码 33-40

摘要：

经过20多年的发展，中国已可以利用遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统等空间技术对洪涝、干旱、森林/草原火灾、地下煤火、雪灾、赤潮、台风、滑坡/泥石流、沙尘暴等自然灾害进行监测、评估与预警研究，也可以对空气质量、水环境及生态环境进行监测与评价。为了能够实现大范围、全天候、快速、动态的环境和灾害监测，进一步提高环境监测和综合减灾能力，中国将分阶段发射由4颗光学小卫星和4颗合成孔径雷达小卫星组成的环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座，通过卫星系统、地面系统、应用系统的建设，最终实现天地一体化的灾害及环境监测、应急、决策支

关键词：空间技术减灾环境监测小卫星星座

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终南山公路隧道非机械式通风效果研究

郑晅,郭佳奇

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 39-44

摘要：

秦岭终南山特长公路隧道规模庞大，通风系统复杂，为了合理确定通风配置，节约通风费用，评估自然风和交通活塞风等非机械式通风方式的通风效果就显得非常重要。课题组现场监测了终南山特长公路隧道内的自然风速、交通量及自然风压和交通风压共同作用下的风速，收集了大量数据。通过对监测数据的处理、分析得出，较大自然风速出现在10∶00—14∶00这个时间段，最大自然风速达到2.576 m/s；隧道东、西线交通量出现高峰期的时间段基本恒定；隧道东线内自然风压和交通风压共同作用下的风速较大的时间段基本上与交通量高峰期时间段相吻合，而西线这两个时间段吻合性较差，洞内风速变化相对平缓。考虑洞口外风向频率、风向、洞口实测温度等参数的自然风速计算方法计算值与实测自然风速较接近。隧道内自然风压和交通风压联合作用下的风速计算值虽小于现场实测值，但较接近实测值。

关键词：隧道通风现场监测非机械式通风自然风交通活塞风

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Structural design and mechanical responses of closely spaced super-span double tunnels in strongly weathered tuff strata

Jiaxin HE; Shaohui HE; Xiabing LIU; Jinlei ZHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 685-703 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0824-2

摘要： This paper presents a study of closely spaced double tunnels in Taizhou, China. One is Xiabei Mountain No. 2 four-line super-span high-speed railway tunnel (HRT), and the other is Xiabei Mountain double-line large-span subway tunnel (ST). The excavation spans of HRT and ST are 26.3 and 14 m, respectively. The two tunnels are located at different levels, and their separating distance is 17.2 m. Due to the short construction period, the HRT excavation was completed earlier than ST. The structural design of the HRT, taking account of the disturbance by the ST construction, was analyzed by a numerical simulation. It was found that the “yielding principle” design was more feasible than the “resistance principle” design when considering the safety and durability of the HRT secondary lining. The mechanical responses of the HRT during ST construction were comprehensively monitored and analyzed, including the vault settlement, horizontal convergence, surrounding rock pressure, and the internal stress in shotcrete and steel arch. Results show that the longitudinal influence range of the ST construction on the HRT was approximately 0.6–1.1 times the ST outer diameter; the disturbance was mainly generated in the ST upper bench excavation; and the final axial force of the HRT shotcrete was approximately 9–16 times that of the steel arch, which indicated that the shotcrete was the main bearing structure. The safety status of the HRT was assessed based on the monitoring data, and the minimum safety factors of the HRT shotcrete and steel arch were 1.61 and 1.89, respectively. Parametric studies were performed to show how the lining stress of HRT was affected by the relative angle, pillar width, ST excavation method and excavation footage. Finally, the design and construction optimization were proposed according to the monitoring data and parameter analysis results. This study might provide practical reference for similar projects.

关键词： double tunnels super-span structural design mechanical response numerical simulation field monitoring

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Non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring: a review of current applications

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 91-101 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0239-5

摘要：

Blood pressure monitoring has come a long way from the initial observations made by Reverend Hales in the 18th century. There are none that deny the importance of monitoring perioperative blood pressure; however, the limited ability of the current prevalent technology (oscillometric blood pressure monitoring) to offer continuous blood pressure measurements leaves room for improvement. Invasive monitoring is able to detect beat-to-beat blood pressure measurement, but the risks inherent to the procedure make it unsuitable for routine use except when this risk is outweighed by the benefits. This review focuses on the discoveries which have led up to the current blood pressure monitoring technologies, and especially the creation of those offering non-invasive but continuous blood pressure monitoring capabilities, including their methods of measurement and limitations.

关键词： non-invasive blood pressure monitoring continuous blood pressure monitoring invasive blood pressure monitoring Riva-Rocci technique oscillometric Pe?áz technique arterial tonometry pulse transit time

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Continuous dynamic monitoring of a centenary iron bridge for structural modification assessment

Carmelo GENTILE,Antonella SAISI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 26-41 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0284-4

摘要： A multi-channel continuous dynamic monitoring system has been installed in a centenary iron arch bridge on late November 2011. The historic infrastructure, completed in 1889 and crossing the Adda river about 50 km far from Milan, is the most important monument of XIX century iron architecture in Italy and is still used as roadway and railway bridge. The monitoring project follows a series of preliminary ambient vibration tests carried out on the bridge since June 2009. The paper describes the bridge structure and its dynamic characteristics identified from the experimental studies developed since 2009, the installed monitoring system and the software developed in LabVIEW for automatically processing the collected data. Subsequently, the tracking of automatically identified natural frequencies over a period of about 18 months is presented and discussed, highlighting the effects of environmental and operational conditions on the bridge dynamic characteristics as well as the detection of structural changes, mainly based on natural frequencies shifts.

关键词： automated modal identification continuous dynamic monitoring environmental/operational effects iron arch bridge structural health monitoring

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In-situ condition monitoring of reinforced concrete structures

Sanjeev Kumar VERMA,Sudhir Singh BHADAURIA,Saleem AKHTAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 420-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0336-z

摘要： Performance of concrete structures is significantly influenced and governed by its durability and resistance to environmental or exposure conditions, apart from its physical strength. It can be monitored, evaluated and predicted through modeling of physical deterioration mechanisms, performance characteristics and parameters and condition monitoring of in situ concrete structures. One such study has been conducted using Non-destructive testing equipment in the city of Bhopal and around located in India. Some selected parameters influencing durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures such as concrete cover, carbonation depth, chloride concentration, half cell potential and compressive strength have been measured, for establishing correlation among various parameters and age of structures. Effects of concrete cover and compressive strength over the variation of chloride content with time are also investigated.

关键词： concrete carbonation chloride corrosion monitoring models

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Fatigue stress monitoring and analyses for steel box girder of Runyang Suspension Bridge

WANG Ying, LI Zhaoxia, WU Baijian

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 197-204 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0038-2

摘要： The monitoring of fatigue stress of steel bridge is a key issue of bridge health monitoring and safety assessment. This paper aims to find out the strain history features of the girder components of Runyang Suspension Bridge (RYSB) under vehicle and environmental loading during its first year of service based on the strain-history data recorded by structural health monitoring system installed in the bridge. The fatigue stress spectrums of steel box girders under normal traffic load, heavy trucks and typhoon loads were studied as well as the correlation between varying strain and temperature based on real-time monitoring of temperature histories. The results show that, monitoring on local strain in health monitoring systems of RYSB can effectively provide the information on fatigue stresses. The range of the equivalent fatigue stress on the monitoring location of the bridge is currently low, mainly due to varying traffic loading and temperature. There exists significant correlation between varying temperature and mean value of fatigue stress. Effect of the passing of heavy trucks on bridge fatigue is quite significant since the value of the cumulative fatigue damage generated by heavy trucks is 10 to 100 times larger than that by normal traffic. Therefore, the effect on fatigue cumulative damage due to heavy trucks or overloaded vehicles needs to be monitored and paid much attention to.

关键词： bridge monitoring location RYSB traffic loading information

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浅埋富水软弱围岩隧道支护受力特征及方案研究

万飞,谭忠盛,杨森森,马栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 45-53

摘要：

依托关角隧道河谷浅埋段，展开富水软弱围岩隧道支护受力特征及方案的研究。对试验段的初支围岩压力、钢架应力、锚杆轴力、衬砌水压力进行现场监测，结果表明：初支应力不能得到有效控制、突水突泥塌方现象时有发生，现有的支护方案无法满足浅埋段安全施工要求。在监测数据基础上，经过综合分析，对支护方案作出调整。在Ⅴ级围岩区段，拱部120°范围设超前管棚和小导管，宽大节理掌子面超前小导管注浆加固，初期支护取消系统锚杆，采用I20 型钢钢架和拱墙设双层钢筋网；在Ⅵ级围岩区段，超前支护采用管棚工作室施作拱部180°及以下1 m范围的0°角长管棚，全断面超前水平钻孔注浆，初期支护取消系统锚杆，采用I20 型钢钢架、三台阶型钢临时横撑和双层防水板。研究成果可为河谷浅埋隧道支护方案的确定提供理论依据和基础数据，为同类工程的设计与施工决策提供借鉴。

关键词：隧道工程河谷浅埋软弱围岩支护方案现场监测

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Structural health monitoring with fiber optic sensors

F. ANSARI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 103-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0032-y

摘要： Optical fiber sensors have been successfully implemented in aeronautics, mechanical systems, and medical applications. Civil structures pose further challenges in monitoring mainly due to their large dimensions, diversity and heterogeneity of materials involved, and hostile construction environment. This article provides a summary of basic principles pertaining to practical health monitoring of civil engineering structures with optical fiber sensors. The issues discussed include basic sensor principles, strain transfer mechanism, sensor packaging, sensor placement in construction environment, and reliability and survivability of the sensors.

关键词： Bridges structural health monitoring smart skins cracks strains displacements fiber optic sensors FBG structures

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC WEIGHING PLATFORM FOR MONITORING BODYWEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS IN COMMERCIAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第3期页码 363-373 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023510

摘要：

● An automatic weighing system for monitoring bodyweight of broilers was developed.

关键词： automatic weighing weight monitoring floor housing uniformity precision poultry farming

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RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 19-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021411

摘要：

The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.

关键词： China / law / early warning system and national crop pest monitoring / pest management / regulation and sustainable agricultural development

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Recent progress in electric-field assisted combustion: a brief review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 883-899 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0770-z

摘要： The control of combustion is a hot and classical topic. Among the combustion technologies, electric-field assisted combustion is an advanced techno-logy that enjoys major advantages such as fast response and low power consumption compared with thermal power. However, its fundamental principle and impacts on the flames are complicated due to the coupling between physics, chemistry, and electromagnetics. In the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand electric-field assisted combustion. New observations have been reported based on different combustion systems and improved diagnostics. The main impacts, including flame stabilization, emission reduction, and flame propagation, have been revealed by both simulative and experimental studies. These findings significantly facilitate the application of electric-field assisted combustion. This brief review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of this combustion technology and further point out research opportunities worth investigation.

关键词： electric field combustion flame stabilization emission reduction flame propagation